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Capital punishment was formally abolished in Australia when it was last used in 1967, when Ronald Ryan was hanged in Victoria. Ryan was the last of 137〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Australian executions 1870 - 1967. )〕 people executed in the 20th century and prior to his execution Queensland and New South Wales had already abolished the death penalty for murder. Brenda Hodge became the last person sentenced to death in August 1984. Her sentence was commuted to life imprisonment and she was paroled in 1995.〔(Sentenced at Birth ). Emsah.uq.edu.au (2005-08-05). Retrieved on 2012-09-10.〕 It was removed as a punishment for murder in all states by 1984 when the state of Western Australia abolished the death penalty for all crimes, and the next year NSW removed death as a possible punishment for treason, piracy and arson of naval dockyards. Between Ryan's execution and 1984〔〔(Australian Online Bookshop – Books for Australians, Australian Books for the World ). Bookworm.com.au. Retrieved on 2012-09-10.〕〔() 〕 occasional death sentences were passed in Victoria, South Australia, and Western Australia, but were commuted to life imprisonment. In 2010 federal legislation prohibited capital punishment in all Australian states and territories. ==History== Death sentences were carried out under Aboriginal customary law, either directly or through sorcery. In some cases the condemned could be denied mortuary rites.〔(Traditional Aboriginal Law and Punishment ) – Part V – Aboriginal Customary Law and the Criminal Justice System, Law Reform Commission of Western Australia – Aboriginal Customary Laws Discussion Paper〕 The first executions carried out under European law in Australia took place in Western Australia in 1629, when Dutch authorities hanged the mutineers of the ''Batavia''. Capital punishment had been part of the legal system of Australia since British settlement and during the 19th century, crimes that could carry a death sentence included burglary, sheep stealing, forgery, sexual assaults, murder and manslaughter, and there is one reported case of someone being executed for "being illegally at large". During the 19th century, these crimes saw about 80 people hanged each year throughout Australia. Before and after federation, each state made its own criminal laws and punishments. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Capital punishment in Australia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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